NCModernist Architecture You Love

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Leif
Valand

(1911–1985)

Leif Valand was born in Norway and came to Jersey City NY as a boy. He attended the Pratt Institute, gaining a degree in 1932 then earned a BA in Architecture from New York University. He practiced architecture in Scarsdale NY then moved to Raleigh in 1947 via a friendship with developer Ed Richards. He designed the Cameron Village Shopping Center for developers J. Willie York and R. A. Bryan, massive for that time, comprising 65 stores, 112 offices, 566 apartment units, and 100 private houses.

During his heyday, he was one of the most prolific architects in Raleigh. With just a few employees at any given time, his extensive contacts with Raleigh's business and real estate elite gained incredible commissions. Cameron Village Shopping Center was just the beginning. Later came Enloe High School, the Federal Building on New Bern Avenue, North Ridge Country Club, North Hills Shopping Center, the Central Raleigh YMCA, the Velvet Cloak Hotel, the State Administration Building, the Raleigh Women's Club, and St. Michael's Episcopal Church. In 1969, Valand took on a partner, Nelson Benzing. By 1984, Valand was very ill and he retired. Benzing closed the firm. Few records remain. According to Benzing in 2008, Valand's blueprints were lost by his executors, although some record by associates and other parties are in the Special Collections at NCSU.

Other projects below, researched by Mary Ruffin Hanbury, are in Raleigh NC unless otherwise noted. 2020 Hanbury report.

1950 - The Washington Terrace Apartments.

1951-1954 - Various Ridgewood houses.

1954 - The Tri-City Shopping Plaza, Shopping Center Gary IN.

1954 - The Sweet Gum School, Caswell County NC.

1954 - The W. T. Grant Store, Goldsboro NC.

1954 - The Western Union Building.

1955 - The Raleigh Farmers Market / Wholesale Produce Market.

1955 - The St. Michaels Church.

1956 - The Longview Shopping Center, Commercial Buildings.

1956 - The McCracken Supply.

1957 - The Kraft Foods Company.

1957 - The St. Saviors, aka St Timothy's, Church.

1957 - The Ridge Road Baptist Church.

1958 - The First Federal Branch, New Bern Avenue.

1958 - The Hillsborough Street YMCA.

1958 - The Kellogg Switchboard and Supply.

1958 - The College Inn Motor Lodge.

1958 - The Citation Model Homes in Lakewood and Woodcrest.

1960 - The Presbyterian Synod HQ.

1961 - The Camp Seafarer, Arapahoe NC.

1961 - The North Carolina Bar Center.

1961 - The First Citizens Branch Bank Downtown Boulevard.

1961 - The Norfolk Southern Railroad Offices.

1962 - The North Carolina Military Center and Armory Building, location unknown.

1962 - The Gateway Plaza Shopping Center.

1963 - The North Hills Shopping Center.

1963 - The Peden Steel.

1964 - The Charles Aycock Junior High School.

1964 - The Pepsi Cola Bottling Plant.

1965 - The First National Bank of Eastern North Carolina, Farmville NC.

1965 - The Velvet Cloak Inn.

1965 - The St Ambrose Church.

1966 - The Ray Bryan House Goldsboro NC.

1966 - The Low Income Housing, Chapel Hill NC.

1967 - The Public Service of North Carolina Building.

1968 - The Warren and Northampton County Welcome Centers.

1968 - The Thomas Woods Tire Sales and Service.

1968 - The Raleigh Woman's Club.

1970 - The North Ridge Country Club.

1972 - The Northaven Apartments.

1975 - The Northgate Shopping Center, Durham NC.

The Ridgewood Shopping Center Addition with Edgar and Margaret Hunter.

The Eastgate Shopping Center, Chapel Hill NC.

The Four Seasons Mall, Greensboro NC.

The University Mall, Chapel Hill NC.

The Holly Hill Mall, Burlington NC.

The WPTF Building, Salisbury Street.

The Quail Corners Shopping Center.

The Cameron-Brown Headquarters.

The Lakes Apartments.

Rehabilitation and Additions

1957 - The NCSU YMCA.

1958 - The Jeans Department Store Interiors.

1963 - The Mary E. Phillips School Addition.

1963 - The Raleigh Little Theater Improvements.

1967 - The Mayview Convalescent Home Addition.

1968 - The Apex Elementary School Cafeteria Addition.

1969 - The Downtown Raleigh Parking Deck.

1970 - The Meredith College Cate Center.

1971 - The Timberlake Apartments.

1972 - The State Highway Patrol Heliport Hangar and Landing Pad.

1972 - The Manley Street United Church of Christ.

1972 - The Park Buildings at Carolina Pines, Biltmore Hills, and Millbrook.

Collaborations

1956 - The Occidental Building with Kemp, Bunch and Jackson.

1961 - The Recreation Buildings at Lions, Jaycee, and Chavis Park; and Arts Building at Pullen Park with Charles Graves.

1965 - The State Archives Building with F. Carter Williams.

1965-1967 - The Department of Administration Building with F. Carter Williams.

1967 - The Federal Building with Lowenstein-Atkinson.

Valand and his wife Wymene and three sons lived in a 1952 house at 706 Woodburn Road, Raleigh NC. Designed by Charles Davis of Cooper Haskins. 2200 square feet, below. Valand would later adapt the one-level house for his wheelchair. Sold to Justine Rozier in 1989. Sold in 2009 to Alma M. Gaines.

Leif Valand Leif Valand Leif Valand Leif Valand
1946

The J. Willie York Residence I

1904 Craig Street, Raleigh NC

The 3.5-acre ranch home of prominent developer J. Willie York, one of the first ranch-type houses in Raleigh. Deeded to his son, former Raleigh Mayor George (Smedes) York and Rosemary York. B/W photos provided by Rosemary York.

The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I The J. Willie York Residence I
1949

The Country Club Homes, Oberlin and Fairview

Raleigh NC

Charles Connelly designed the southern half, Valand the north. Destroyed in 2024.

The Country Club Homes, Oberlin and Fairview
1950

The Camp Lejeune Base Housing

Jacksonville NC

1054 units. Designed with Edwards Pugh McKimmon in Raleigh NC and Eugene Martini in Columbia SC.

The Camp Lejeune Base Housing
1950

The Washington Terrace Apartments

Booker Street, Raleigh NC

This was the first public housing project for Black citizens in Raleigh and the second in the state. Sold in 2014 to DHIC which destroyed the old units and built new ones.

The Washington Terrace Apartments
1950

The James and Florence C. Poyner House

710 Smedes Place, Raleigh NC

Deeded in the 1990s to his son James Poyner III. Deeded to Edythe Poyner. Sold in 2015 to Frank Thompson and Charman Driver. Destroyed in 2019 for a new Modernist house designed by Katherine Hogan and Vinny Petrarca. Photo by Leilani Carter.

The James and Florence C. Poyner House
1950

The Peden Guest House

909 Willliamson Drive, Raleigh NC

Adjacent to the main Peden house. There was a small fire in 1958 which required remodeling. In 1965, a bedroom wing was added. The family allowed the Junior League of Raleigh to use it as offices during the late 1960s until the Pedens retired in 1983. Their larger multistory home next door was too large and not on one level, so they moved here, expanding the kitchen and adding a deck. After they passed away, daughter Melissa Peden got it as of 1996. Hurricane Fran brought her a quick housewarming present, a new roof. Top two photos by Leilani Carter. Other photos by George Smart.

The Peden Guest House The Peden Guest House The Peden Guest House The Peden Guest House The Peden Guest House
1951

The Ed N. and Helene Richards House

2116 Banbury Road, Raleigh NC

Richards was the developer for Country Club Homes, Northridge Country Club, and North Hills Mall. Sold in 1975 to Robert and Evelyn Andrews. Sold in 1985 to Samuel and Bonnie Thompson.

The Ed N. and Helene Richards House
1951

The Everett Case House

611 Daniel Street, Raleigh NC

Addition later. Sold in 1967 to Daniel W. Rader. Sold in 1981 to Michael Thomas Mettrey. Transferred in 1993 to Michael and Iris Rita Mettrey. Photo by Mary Ruffin Hanbury.

The Everett Case House The Everett Case House
1951

The College View Apartments

909 College View Drive, Greenville NC

Destroyed around 2019 for a new apartment complex, bottom photo.

The College View Apartments The College View Apartments The College View Apartments
1952

The Frederick (Fred) and Mary Dixon House

105 King William Road, Raleigh NC

Architect Dail Dixon grew up there. The project architect in Valand's office was Robert Hall, who later bought the house. Sold in 1954 to Marion Wyatt. Sold in 1962 to Lewis P. Parrish. Sold in 1963 to Robert and Jane C. Hall. Paul McCobb designed the living room. Sold in 1982 to Cyril Allen. Sold in 2016 to Judith O. Womack.

The Frederick (Fred) and Mary Dixon House The Frederick (Fred) and Mary Dixon House The Frederick (Fred) and Mary Dixon House
1952

The Thompson House

715 Greenwood Road, Chapel Hill NC

Needs verification. According to architectural historian M. Ruth Little, Valand is the likely architect. 2796 sf. Sold in 1973 to Harry and Erma Gold. Sold in 1992 to Thomas Krenitsky. Sold in 2001 to Joseph Sica. Sold in 2003 to Thomas Tucker. Sold in 2008 to Joseph H. Sica Trust. Sold to Airco LLC. Sold in 2012 to Monica Truemper and Andreas Ritter. Sold in 2013 to Arturo Morasoft.

The Thompson House The Thompson House
1952

The William C. King House

618 Daniels Street, Raleigh NC

Slightly modern house. Sold in 1959 to Cary H. Caudell. Sold later in 1959 to Joe R. Chambers. Sold in 1960 to Mary H. White. Sold in 1977 to Mary White's heirs. Sold later in 1977 to Jean White Wilson and Barrett D. Wilson. Sold in 2003 to Jean White Wilson. Sold in 2014 to Tamari Lenee and Brandon David Fair.

The William C. King House The William C. King House The William C. King House
1952

The George Viall Residence

3100 Granville Drive, Raleigh NC

The view out the window is the Carolina Country Club golf course. Sold in 2002 to Andy and Melinda Knowles. Sold in 2020 to Doug and Debbie Bergeson. Bottom two photos by Melinda Knowles.

The George Viall Residence The George Viall Residence The George Viall Residence The George Viall Residence The George Viall Residence
1952

The Banks Kerr House

703 Smedes Place, Raleigh NC

Sold in 1965 to Elihue and Fleita Lewis. Sold in 1966 to John and Clida Young. Sold in 1985 to John and Susan Williams. Photo by Leilani Carter.

The Banks Kerr House
1953

The McAdams House, Coley Forest area

Raleigh NC

The McAdams House, Coley Forest area
1953

The Ira J. and Sophie Green Residence

1715 Picadilly Lane, Raleigh NC

Upon Sophie's death it was sold to Tuscany Construction Group in 2006 who destroyed it in 2007. In 2009, the new house (bottom photo) was sold to Shervin Tahssili.

The Ira J. and Sophie Green Residence The Ira J. and Sophie Green Residence
1954

The Forest Hills Houses

Garner NC

Developer E. P. Sauls.

The Forest Hills Houses
1955

The Richard Hurd House

Rumson NJ

The Richard Hurd House
1956

The Pierce Oliver (Kidd) Brewer House

5509 Homewood Banks Drive, Raleigh NC

The property was also known as "Belle Acres" after Brewer's mother, Jennie Belle Jones Brewer. Brewer was a star football player and coach then an aide to two U.S. senators. In the 1950s he bought 115 acres of land at what was then outside of Raleigh near the intersection of US 70 and the forthcoming Raleigh Beltline. Soon this area would become Crabtree Valley, one of the biggest shopping centers in the South. This fabulous house was high above Crabtree Creek, the first in Raleigh to have both indoor and outdoor swimming pools. It was featured in the News and Observer, 2/17/1957. Valand's son Mark recalls the house was featured in either Life or Look Magazine as well. In the mid-1980s, Brewer converted the house into Crossroads Restaurant. Brewer died in 1991. Eventually the restaurant closed and was replaced in 1993 by a new restaurant, It's Prime Only. That restaurant closed in 1999 and the building was abandoned for several years. It burned in 2005. Brewer's nephew Ben Brewer recalls that "the home was built as a square horseshoe. One pool was located just North of the home by about 30 feet. It overlooked the Crabtree Valley where the Mall now sits. In the younger years we would sit by the pool and look over the acres down to a pretty good sized lake. The lake site would probably be in one of the Mall parking areas..if not directly inside the mall. The second smaller pool I would say measured 15 feet by 20 feet in size. It was on the inside of the horseshoe. There was a tree growing right through the ceiling to the outside. I don't recall exactly, but I think the roofing there was some kind of hard plastic covering. The east wing of the horseshoe had the bedrooms and bathrooms in it. The top of the horseshoe, if it were standing on end, housed a very large living room and kitchen all open. Then on the east part of the horseshoe was another middle sized room used for personal talking. It didn't get much use as I recall. Most family gatherings took place in the main grand room. It had floor to ceiling glass panels which gave one a panorama view of all of the area east to west and north for as far as the eye could see." As of June 2009 all that remained were a few concrete beams.

The Pierce Oliver (Kidd) Brewer House The Pierce Oliver (Kidd) Brewer House The Pierce Oliver (Kidd) Brewer House The Pierce Oliver (Kidd) Brewer House The Pierce Oliver (Kidd) Brewer House The Pierce Oliver (Kidd) Brewer House
1956

The Edgewood Park

Rocky Mount NC

20 houses developed by Wimberly and Gregory. Featured in the Rocky Mount Sunday Telegram, 10/21/1956.

The Edgewood Park
1957

The Marion Fike House, Longview Gardens

Raleigh NC

The Marion Fike House, Longview Gardens
1957

The Lions Club Dream Home, Raleigh NC. Exhibited at the NC State Fair, built by Lowry and Kistler. The house given away to the person who could most closely guess the cost. Won by Garland and Vergie B. Banks and rebuilt at

5844 Yates Mill Pond Road, Raleigh NC

Deeded in 2016 to Linda B. Ray, Verna Michelle Dunn, and Tancy B. Dunn.

The Lions Club Dream Home, Raleigh NC. Exhibited at the NC State Fair, built by Lowry and Kistler. The house given away to the person who could most closely guess the cost. Won by Garland and Vergie B. Banks and rebuilt at The Lions Club Dream Home, Raleigh NC. Exhibited at the NC State Fair, built by Lowry and Kistler. The house given away to the person who could most closely guess the cost. Won by Garland and Vergie B. Banks and rebuilt at
1957

Untitled

Houses on Woodland Drive, Fuquay-Varina NC

Built by Ed Richards.

Untitled
1957

Northwoods Park Development

Jacksonville NC

Northwoods Park Development
1958

The Citation Homes

Raleigh NC

Built by the Georgetown Building Company and used in the Lakewood, Longview Lake, and Woodcrest subdivisions.

The Citation Homes
1958

The Longview Lake Citation Home

126 Longview Lake Drive, Raleigh NC

Sold in 1958 to Edward M. and Mary N. Dudley. Deeded in 1986 to Elizabeth F. Watson. Sold in 2005 to Charles Brown and Janice and Donald Cherry.

The Longview Lake Citation Home The Longview Lake Citation Home The Longview Lake Citation Home
1958

The Woodcrest Citation Home

2208 Timber Drive, Raleigh NC

Sold in 1986 to Conrad Julian Wing. Sold in 1998 to Mark and Monica Weldon. The front porch has been changed and a sunroom added.

The Woodcrest Citation Home The Woodcrest Citation Home The Woodcrest Citation Home The Woodcrest Citation Home
1958

Naval Radio Research Station Housing

Sugar Grove near Pendleton WV

140 units. Designed with Davidson and Irving Bowman.

Naval Radio Research Station Housing
1958

The Joseph and Josephine Mark House

2101 Watkins Street, Raleigh NC

Deeded in 2004 to Richard and Joseph Mark Jr. Sold in 2011 to Richard Mark. Sold in 2022 to Sarah L. H. and Nathaniel E. Meiggs.

The Joseph and Josephine Mark House The Joseph and Josephine Mark House The Joseph and Josephine Mark House The Joseph and Josephine Mark House
1959

The Elsie R. and Dewey D. Sanderford House

1520 St Marys Street, Raleigh NC

Traditional design. Sold 1990 to Carolyn M. and Edward M. Bizzell Jr. Sold in 2009 to Sheppard K. Ames.

The Elsie R. and Dewey D. Sanderford House
1963

The J. Willie York House II

Pleasant Valley Drive, Raleigh NC

The house took several years to build. It became known for its immaculate gardens and landscaping by Lewis Clarke. In 1972, it was damaged by fire that broke out about 2:30pm in downstairs family room spread to an adjoining bedroom. It was slated to be remodeled as a clubhouse for an apartment complex but was destroyed instead. Photos by Lewis Clarke.

The J. Willie York House II The J. Willie York House II The J. Willie York House II The J. Willie York House II The J. Willie York House II The J. Willie York House II The J. Willie York House II The J. Willie York House II
1966

The Ray A. Bryan Jr. House

Goldsboro NC

Photos by Mary Ruffin Hanbury and Ann Bryan Huffman.

The Ray A. Bryan Jr. House The Ray A. Bryan Jr. House
Around 1967

Public Housing

Chapel Hill

Public Housing
1970

The J. Willie York House III

Newton Road, Raleigh NC

York moved out decades later and gave the property to adjacent Ravenscroft School. The U-shaped building featured two bedroom wings and one common area wing all joined by an interior garden. Along one side was a conservatory 60 feet long with a swimming pool. The school destroyed the house for a new building in 2007. Landscaping by Lewis Clarke. If you have photos of the exterior, please contact us.

The J. Willie York House III The J. Willie York House III The J. Willie York House III The J. Willie York House III
1971

Timberlake Apartments

Raleigh NC

Timberlake Apartments
1972

North Haven Apartmentsaka Cedar Point Apartments

6510-6516 Suburban Drive, Raleigh NC

and 7005-7115 Sandy Forks Road. In late 1971 it was announced that the first phase of 168 units for North Haven would be completed by May 1972. There were 336 total units built within 7 three-story buildings. The name changed to Cedar Point in 1986.

North Haven Apartments

Sources include: Architectural Historian Mary Ruffin Hanbury; M. Ruth Little's The Development of Modernism in Raleigh, 1945-1965; son Mark Valand; Smedes York; Phil York; Charles Davis; Yona Owens; Ben Brewer as told to Dave Potter.